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Example pairings

Dun × non-dun: foal color odds

How it works and sources

This Bay Dun has one Dun copy. The bay parent is nd2/nd2, so it has no Dun allele to pass on.

Each conception has a 50% chance of Bay Dun and a 50% chance of bay. Both parents are E/E and A/A, keeping red and black base coats out of this example.

The example parents

  • Stallion: Bay Dun (E/E, A/A, D/nd2)
  • Mare: Bay (E/E, A/A, nd2/nd2)

These are example DNA panels, not results inferred from appearance. Unless a parent has a different call listed above, Extension is e/e, Agouti is A/A, Dun is nd2/nd2, and the other modeled dilution and pattern variants are negative. PATN1, Leopard Complex, Frame, Gray, Cream/Pearl, Champagne, Silver, Mushroom, KIT white variants, Splash and Brindle1 all use their explicit reference calls. Real horses with the same coat color may have different DNA.

Your foal color map

Their possible foals

Bay Dun stallion × Bay mare Change parents

DNA results. Exact where the entered evidence decides; ranges for untested or unresolved results. Every chance is per conception.

Example values remain in this pairing. They are labelled assumptions, not lab results.

Exact chances for each foal, per conception. Based on: example DNA.

  1. BayBay base · no expressed Cream/PearlChance: 50%Exact chance
  2. Bay DunBay base · no expressed Cream/Pearl · DunChance: 50%Exact chance

Foals that inherit two Mushroom copies: 0%. It shows on chestnut, faintly on bay, and not on black.

See Mushroom and Frame genotypes and their exact chances or ranges in the gene results below.

Pattern genes without an entered result remain untested. Their compatible genotype ranges are in the gene-by-gene table.

Gene by gene

Each chance is per conception. When a result is not tested, the range shows the exact minimum and maximum across compatible results.

Some choices are example values, not laboratory results. These chances apply to the values selected in the form.

Extension

Stallion: E/E

Mare: E/E

GenotypeChance per conception
E/E100% per conception

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu · www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Agouti

Stallion: A/A

Mare: A/A

GenotypeChance per conception
A/A100% per conception

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu

Cream and Pearl

Stallion: N/N

Mare: N/N

GenotypeChance per conception
N/N100% per conception

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu

Silver

Stallion: N/N

Mare: N/N

GenotypeChance per conception
N/N100% per conception

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu

Mushroom

Stallion: N/N

Mare: N/N

GenotypeChance per conception
N/N100% per conception

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu

Champagne

Stallion: N/N

Mare: N/N

GenotypeChance per conception
N/N100% per conception

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu

Dun

Stallion: D/nd2

Mare: nd2/nd2

GenotypeChance per conception
D/nd250% per conception
nd2/nd250% per conception

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu

Gray

Stallion: N/N

Mare: N/N

GenotypeChance per conception
N/N100% per conception

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu · doi.org

Frame Overo

Stallion: N/N

Mare: N/N

GenotypeChance per conception
N/N100% per conception
Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

Two Frame Overo copies (O/O) cannot survive.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu

Classic Roan marker

Stallion: n/n

Mare: n/n

GenotypeChance per conception
n/n100% per conception

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu

PATN1

Stallion: N/N

Mare: N/N

GenotypeChance per conception
N/N100% per conception
Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu · doi.org

Leopard Complex

Stallion: N/N

Mare: N/N

GenotypeChance per conception
N/N100% per conception
Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

LP and PATN1 genetic classes

The inherited class does not fix the amount or shape of spotting.

Genetic classChance per conception
One LP copy without PATN1: variable LP pattern0% per conception
Two LP copies without PATN1: variable LP pattern0% per conception
Leopard / near-leopard (likely)0% per conception
Few-spot / near few-spot (likely)0% per conception

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu

Splashed White (MITF)

Stallion: N/N

Mare: N/N

GenotypeChance per conception
N/N100% per conception

SW1 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

Survival has not been established for this exact genotype.

  • Some, but not all, horses with Splashed White variants are deaf. Coat appearance cannot show whether a horse can hear; a veterinarian can assess hearing if there is concern.

SW3 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

Survival has not been established for this exact genotype.

  • Some, but not all, horses with Splashed White variants are deaf. Coat appearance cannot show whether a horse can hear; a veterinarian can assess hearing if there is concern.

SW5 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

Survival has not been established for this exact genotype.

  • Some, but not all, horses with Splashed White variants are deaf. Coat appearance cannot show whether a horse can hear; a veterinarian can assess hearing if there is concern.

SW6 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

Survival has not been established for this exact genotype.

  • Some, but not all, horses with Splashed White variants are deaf. Coat appearance cannot show whether a horse can hear; a veterinarian can assess hearing if there is concern.

SW7 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

Survival has not been established for this exact genotype.

  • Some, but not all, horses with Splashed White variants are deaf. Coat appearance cannot show whether a horse can hear; a veterinarian can assess hearing if there is concern.
  • Deafness was reported by owners in the family where SW7 was found. That does not mean every horse with SW7 is deaf.

SW8 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

Survival has not been established for this exact genotype.

  • Some, but not all, horses with Splashed White variants are deaf. Coat appearance cannot show whether a horse can hear; a veterinarian can assess hearing if there is concern.
  • One foal with SW8 was clinically deaf but also had W20 and W22. Research cannot yet tell which variant, or combination, was responsible.
Splashed White (PAX3)

Stallion: N/N

Mare: N/N

GenotypeChance per conception
N/N100% per conception

SW2 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

Survival has not been established for this exact genotype.

  • Some, but not all, horses with Splashed White variants are deaf. Coat appearance cannot show whether a horse can hear; a veterinarian can assess hearing if there is concern.
  • Living horses with two SW2 copies have been identified. Some may be deaf, but DNA values do not determine hearing.

SW4 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

Survival has not been established for this exact genotype.

  • Some, but not all, horses with Splashed White variants are deaf. Coat appearance cannot show whether a horse can hear; a veterinarian can assess hearing if there is concern.
Roan marker

Stallion: 0 copies

Mare: 0 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception
  • One component at a time; its parental transmission is its copy count divided by two, regardless of phase or crossover.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu · doi.org · doi.org

Tobiano

Stallion: 0 copies

Mare: 0 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception
  • One component at a time; its parental transmission is its copy count divided by two, regardless of phase or crossover.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu · doi.org

Sabino 1

Stallion: 0 copies

Mare: 0 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception
  • One component at a time; its parental transmission is its copy count divided by two, regardless of phase or crossover.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu · doi.org · doi.org

Camarillo White W4

Stallion: 0 copies

Mare: 0 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

Likely early pregnancy loss. Two copies have never been found in a living horse and are thought to cause early pregnancy loss (unconfirmed). Breeding two carriers may mean fewer viable pregnancies.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu · doi.org

  • One component at a time; its parental transmission is its copy count divided by two, regardless of phase or crossover.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu · doi.org

Dominant White W5

Stallion: 0 copies

Mare: 0 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

Likely early pregnancy loss. Two copies have never been found in a living horse and are thought to cause early pregnancy loss (unconfirmed). Breeding two carriers may mean fewer viable pregnancies.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu

  • One component at a time; its parental transmission is its copy count divided by two, regardless of phase or crossover.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu · doi.org

Dominant White W10

Stallion: 0 copies

Mare: 0 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

Likely early pregnancy loss. Two copies have never been found in a living horse and are thought to cause early pregnancy loss (unconfirmed). Breeding two carriers may mean fewer viable pregnancies.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu

  • One component at a time; its parental transmission is its copy count divided by two, regardless of phase or crossover.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu

Dominant White W13

Stallion: 0 copies

Mare: 0 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

Likely early pregnancy loss. Two copies have never been found in a living horse and are thought to cause early pregnancy loss (unconfirmed). Breeding two carriers may mean fewer viable pregnancies.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu

  • One component at a time; its parental transmission is its copy count divided by two, regardless of phase or crossover.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu

Dominant White W19

Stallion: 0 copies

Mare: 0 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

No known survival concern; data limited. These variants can occur in living horses; this exact combination has not been studied. Only the entered component dosages are considered here. Other untested KIT variants can change the interpretation.

  • One component at a time; its parental transmission is its copy count divided by two, regardless of phase or crossover.

Reviewed sources: doi.org · doi.org

Dominant White W20

Stallion: 0 copies

Mare: 0 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

No known survival concern; data limited. These variants can occur in living horses; this exact combination has not been studied. Only the entered component dosages are considered here. Other untested KIT variants can change the interpretation.

  • One component at a time; its parental transmission is its copy count divided by two, regardless of phase or crossover.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu · vgl.ucdavis.edu · doi.org

Dominant White W22

Stallion: 0 copies

Mare: 0 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

Likely early pregnancy loss. Two copies have never been found in a living horse and are thought to cause early pregnancy loss (unconfirmed). Breeding two carriers may mean fewer viable pregnancies.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu · vgl.ucdavis.edu

  • One component at a time; its parental transmission is its copy count divided by two, regardless of phase or crossover.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu · vgl.ucdavis.edu · doi.org

Dominant White W31

Stallion: 0 copies

Mare: 0 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

Not established. Absence or rarity is not converted into a lethal classification.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu · doi.org · doi.org

  • One component at a time; its parental transmission is its copy count divided by two, regardless of phase or crossover.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu · doi.org

Dominant White W32

Stallion: 0 copies

Mare: 0 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

No known survival concern; data limited. These variants can occur in living horses; this exact combination has not been studied. Only the entered component dosages are considered here. Other untested KIT variants can change the interpretation.

  • One component at a time; its parental transmission is its copy count divided by two, regardless of phase or crossover.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu · doi.org · doi.org

Dominant White W34

Stallion: 0 copies

Mare: 0 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

No known survival concern; data limited. These variants can occur in living horses; this exact combination has not been studied. Only the entered component dosages are considered here. Other untested KIT variants can change the interpretation.

  • One component at a time; its parental transmission is its copy count divided by two, regardless of phase or crossover.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu · doi.org · doi.org

Dominant White W35

Stallion: 0 copies

Mare: 0 copies

Copy countChance per conception
0 copies100% per conception
1 copies0% per conception
2 copies0% per conception

No known survival concern; data limited. These variants can occur in living horses; this exact combination has not been studied. Only the entered component dosages are considered here. Other untested KIT variants can change the interpretation.

  • One component at a time; its parental transmission is its copy count divided by two, regardless of phase or crossover.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu · doi.org

Brindle1

Stallion: N

Mare: N/N

GenotypeChance per conception
Daughter N/N50% per conception

Among daughters under the equal-X/Y sperm model: 100%.

Daughter N/BR10% per conception

Among daughters under the equal-X/Y sperm model: 0%.

Daughter BR1/BR10% per conception

Among daughters under the equal-X/Y sperm model: 0%.

Son N50% per conception

Among sons under the equal-X/Y sperm model: 100%.

Son BR10% per conception

Among sons under the equal-X/Y sperm model: 0%.

  • Sex fractions are already included once. The equal-X/Y Mendelian model is not an empirical live-foal sex-ratio estimate.

Reviewed sources: vgl.ucdavis.edu · doi.org

Every full combination

Each row keeps its own coat, pattern, survival and clinical identity. Equal coat names can have different genetic or health contexts.

Coat names or exact genotypes. Genotype letters keep their case.

Showing 1 to 2 of 2 matching rows (2 in the full list).

  1. Bay

    Bay base · no expressed Cream/Pearl · KIT chromosomes: No KIT variant on this copy / No KIT variant on this copy · LP: N/N; PATN1: N/N · Cream/Pearl: N/N · Silver: N/N · Dun: nd2/nd2 · Mushroom: N/N · Frame: N/N

    50% per conception

    Gray: N/N · Silver: N/N · Cream and Pearl: N/N · Dun: nd2/nd2 · Mushroom: N/N · Frame Overo: N/N · KIT: n/n · Leopard Complex: N/N · PATN1: N/N · Splash MITF: N/N · Splash PAX3: N/N · Brindle1: Daughter N/N or Son N

    Can survive. This baseline or single-variant heterozygous genotype can survive; this is not a claim about every health outcome.

    Genotypes within this row

    Shares below are within this row. They include every compatible genotype member, rather than only the illustrated or representative genotype.

    Agouti
    • A/A: 100% within this row.
    Brindle1
    • Daughter N/N: 50% within this row.
    • Son N: 50% within this row.
    Champagne
    • N/N: 100% within this row.
    Cream and Pearl
    • N/N: 100% within this row.
    Dun
    • nd2/nd2: 100% within this row.
    Extension
    • E/E: 100% within this row.
    Frame Overo
    • N/N: 100% within this row.
    Gray
    • N/N: 100% within this row.
    KIT
    • n/n: 100% within this row.
    Leopard Complex
    • N/N: 100% within this row.
    Mushroom
    • N/N: 100% within this row.
    PATN1
    • N/N: 100% within this row.
    Silver
    • N/N: 100% within this row.
    Splash MITF
    • N/N: 100% within this row.
    Splash PAX3
    • N/N: 100% within this row.

  2. Bay Dun

    Bay base · no expressed Cream/Pearl · Dun · KIT chromosomes: No KIT variant on this copy / No KIT variant on this copy · LP: N/N; PATN1: N/N · Cream/Pearl: N/N · Silver: N/N · Dun: D detected · Mushroom: N/N · Frame: N/N

    50% per conception

    Gray: N/N · Silver: N/N · Cream and Pearl: N/N · Dun: D/nd2 · Mushroom: N/N · Frame Overo: N/N · KIT: n/n · Leopard Complex: N/N · PATN1: N/N · Splash MITF: N/N · Splash PAX3: N/N · Brindle1: Daughter N/N or Son N

    Can survive. This baseline or single-variant heterozygous genotype can survive; this is not a claim about every health outcome.

    Genotypes within this row

    Shares below are within this row. They include every compatible genotype member, rather than only the illustrated or representative genotype.

    Agouti
    • A/A: 100% within this row.
    Brindle1
    • Daughter N/N: 50% within this row.
    • Son N: 50% within this row.
    Champagne
    • N/N: 100% within this row.
    Cream and Pearl
    • N/N: 100% within this row.
    Dun
    • D/nd2: 100% within this row.
    Extension
    • E/E: 100% within this row.
    Frame Overo
    • N/N: 100% within this row.
    Gray
    • N/N: 100% within this row.
    KIT
    • n/n: 100% within this row.
    Leopard Complex
    • N/N: 100% within this row.
    Mushroom
    • N/N: 100% within this row.
    PATN1
    • N/N: 100% within this row.
    Silver
    • N/N: 100% within this row.
    Splash MITF
    • N/N: 100% within this row.
    Splash PAX3
    • N/N: 100% within this row.
Survival and evidence

These classes use all conceptions as the denominator. A limited-data class is excluded from the group known to survive.

Can survive

100% per conception

No known concern (data limited)

0% per conception

Not established or may not survive

0% per conception

Cannot survive

0% per conception

  • Soft unknown KIT conceptions remain excluded from the proven-viable denominator.
  • Survival classes do not claim systematic health safety.
Details for each color, what could change them, and how the ranges work
Bay horse

Bay

Bay base · no expressed Cream/Pearl

Chance: 50%

Exact chance for each foal, per conception.

Illustration: Bay Dun horse

Bay Dun

Bay base · no expressed Cream/Pearl · Dun

Chance: 50%

Exact chance for each foal, per conception.

What could change this answer?

Each branch is a what-if, with no assumed frequency. We do not average the possibilities.

Stallion · Extension (red or black) · Example · Applied to these ranges. Edit

Stallion · Agouti (black points) · Example · Applied to these ranges. Edit

Stallion · Cream / Pearl · Example · Applied to these ranges. Edit

Stallion · Silver · Example · Applied to these ranges. Edit

Stallion · Dun · Example · Applied to these ranges. Edit

Stallion · Gray copy number · Example · Applied to these ranges. Edit

Stallion · Classic Roan marker · Example · Applied to these ranges. Marker state comes from the two entered KIT haplotypes; other KIT variants stay in detailed DNA. Edit

Stallion · Champagne · Example · Applied to these ranges. Edit

Stallion · Mushroom · Example · Applied to these ranges. Edit

Stallion · Frame / Lethal White Overo · Example · Applied to these ranges. Edit

Mare · Extension (red or black) · Example · Applied to these ranges. Edit

Mare · Agouti (black points) · Example · Applied to these ranges. Edit

Mare · Cream / Pearl · Example · Applied to these ranges. Edit

Mare · Silver · Example · Applied to these ranges. Edit

Mare · Dun · Example · Applied to these ranges. Edit

Mare · Gray copy number · Example · Applied to these ranges. Edit

Mare · Classic Roan marker · Example · Applied to these ranges. Marker state comes from the two entered KIT haplotypes; other KIT variants stay in detailed DNA. Edit

Mare · Champagne · Example · Applied to these ranges. Edit

Mare · Mushroom · Example · Applied to these ranges. Edit

Mare · Frame / Lethal White Overo · Example · Applied to these ranges. Edit

Stallion · Dun
Add a DNA resultWhat if he has two Dun copies (D/D)?What if he has one Dun copy (D/nd1 or D/nd2)?

Detailed pattern evidence is retained separately. These color ranges include Champagne, Mushroom and Frame. Detailed KIT, LP, Splash and Brindle evidence stays separate. View detailed DNA

How the chance ranges work

Bay and Bay Dun stay possible no matter which hidden color genes the parents carry.

We checked the parent gene combinations compatible with the entered DNA and retained coat evidence. Untested or unresolved states have no assumed frequency. Each range is the exact minimum and maximum across those states. Pattern tiles may overlap the colors; use the linked-variant block for combinations rather than multiplying tiles.

The color map covers base color, Cream/Pearl, Champagne, Mushroom when included, Dun, Silver, Gray, Classic Roan and Lethal White Overo. Other pattern chances are shown separately; they can overlap the colors.

Explore the look

See the colors and patterns in this pairing

Open a collection to explore this result alongside related reviewed colors and patterns.

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What this calculator covers

This calculator uses the coat-color tests listed below. It covers Extension, Agouti, Cream and Pearl, Champagne, Dun, Silver, Gray, Mushroom, Frame Overo, linked KIT white patterns, Leopard Complex with PATN1, Splashed White, and Brindle1. Health notes summarize published research; ask your veterinarian what they mean for a particular horse.

Limits

  • Shade modifiers such as sooty, flaxen and dapples, face and leg markings, and the size of a white or leopard pattern are not predicted.
  • From coat colors alone, a chance is exact only when the colors decide it; otherwise you see the honest range. DNA results narrow it.
  • An educational tool, not a substitute for a laboratory report or veterinary advice.

Sources

UC Davis VGL coat-color reference UC Davis VGL Red or black (Extension) test UC Davis VGL Agouti test UC Davis VGL Cream and Pearl test UC Davis VGL Champagne test UC Davis VGL Dun test UC Davis VGL Silver test UC Davis VGL Gray test UC Davis VGL Mushroom test UC Davis VGL Frame Overo test UC Davis VGL Tobiano test UC Davis VGL Roan test UC Davis VGL Sabino 1 test UC Davis VGL Dominant White test UC Davis VGL Leopard Complex and PATN1 test UC Davis VGL Splashed White test UC Davis VGL Brindle1 test UC Davis VGL Gray copy-number test

How it works: the method, health notes and peer-reviewed references

Explore example pairings with named DNA panels and exact odds