White-Tailed Deer

Odocoileus virginianus

The White-Tailed Deer, scientifically known as Odocoileus virginianus, is a widely distributed mammal native to North America and parts of Central America. Recognizable by its namesake white tail, which stands erect as a warning signal, this species exhibits a reddish-brown coat during summer that transitions to a grey-brown hue in winter for camouflage. Adult males, known as bucks, are distinguished by their impressive antler growth, which is annually shed and regrown, while females, or does, typically lack antlers. Known for their exceptional speed and agility, white-tailed deer can sprint up to 30 miles per hour and are adept swimmers. They inhabit diverse ecosystems, from dense forests and open grasslands to suburban areas, displaying remarkable adaptability to human encroachment. Dietarily, they are ruminants, primarily grazing on leaves, twigs, fruits, and nuts. Socially, they form matriarchal groups led by a dominant doe, though bucks generally lead solitary lives or form small bachelor groups outside of the mating season. White-tailed deer play a crucial ecological role, both as prey for predators and as consumers that influence vegetation patterns, making them a keystone species in their habitats.