Sloth Bear

Melursus ursinus

The sloth bear, Melursus ursinus, is a shaggy black bear of the Indian subcontinent, recognized by its pale muzzle, long curved claws, loose lips and pale chest mark. It is highly adapted for feeding on termites and ants: the nostrils can close, the lips form a tube and a gap in the front teeth helps create powerful suction. Fruit, flowers, honey and carrion also enter the diet. Cubs often ride on the mother's back, a behavior that helps distinguish sloth bears from most other bear species.

Sloth bears are not pets and are generally kept only by licensed zoos, sanctuaries and rescue centers. Housing must account for digging strength, climbing ability and destructive foraging, with robust barriers, deep substrate, dens, shade and enrichment that encourages tearing, probing and sucking. Many South Asian sanctuaries also care for bears rescued from the former dancing-bear trade. Conservation work includes protecting dry forest and grassland habitat, reducing snare risk, securing garbage or crops, and helping communities avoid dangerous close encounters with bears.