Lion

Panthera leo

The lion (Panthera leo) is a large, powerfully built felid, recognized for its majestic appearance and status as a symbol of strength and courage across cultures. Native to the grasslands, savannas, and woodlands of sub-Saharan Africa and a small population in India’s Gir Forest, lions are distinguished by their muscular build, deep-chested bodies, and broad heads. Males typically weigh between 150 to 250 kg (330 to 550 lbs), with females being slightly smaller. Male lions are famous for their impressive manes, which vary in color from blonde to black and serve to protect their necks during fights and make them appear larger to intimidate rivals.

Lions are apex predators and social animals, living in groups called prides that consist of related females, their offspring, and a small number of adult males. This social structure allows them to collaborate in hunting and territory defense. Lions primarily hunt large ungulates such as zebras and antelopes, often hunting cooperatively using stealth and teamwork. Despite their fearsome reputation, lions spend a significant amount of time resting, up to 20 hours a day, conserving energy for hunting and social interactions.

Habitat loss, human–wildlife conflict, and poaching have led to a decline in their numbers, causing the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to classify them as Vulnerable. Conservation efforts focus on mitigating human-lion conflict, protecting natural habitats, and maintaining genetic diversity to ensure the survival of this iconic species.